Metal-poor Star-forming Clumps in Cosmic Noon Galaxies: Evidence for Gas Inflow and Chemical Dilution Using JWST NIRISS
Abstract The formation and evolution of galaxies are intricately linked to the baryon cycle, which fuels star formation while shaping chemical abundances within galaxies. Investigating the relationship between star formation and metallicity for large samples of galaxies requires expensive IFU surveys or sophisticated tools to analyze grism data. Here we analyze JWST NIRISS slitless grism data using Sleuth , a tool that forward models and infers spatially resolved physical properties from grism data, including observations from JWST NIRISS/NIRCam and future grism data like that from the Roman Space Telescope. Sleuth enables the extraction of high-quality emission line maps from slitless spectra, overcoming contamination and spatially varying stellar populations, which previously limited such studies. Utilizing Sleuth with data from the Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey, we investigated the relationship between metallicity and star formation in the star-forming clumps of galaxies at 0.6 < z < 1.35. We analyzed a sample of 20 galaxies, extracted high-quality emission line maps with Sleuth , and analyzed, in detail, the spatially resolved properties of star-forming clumps. Using H α , [S II ], and [S III ] emission line maps, we examined the spatially resolved metallicities, ionization, and star formation rates of our sample. Our findings reveal that these star-forming clumps show lower metallicities (∼0.1 dex) than their surrounding galactic environments, indicating a metallicity dilution of 20% within the clumps’ gas. Our analysis indicates that these clumps exhibit intensified star formation and reduced metallicity, likely due to the inflow of metal-poor gas. These clumps illustrate the dynamic relationship between star formation and chemical enrichment within galaxies.
Authors
- Gaël Noirot
- Maruša Bradač (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5984-0395)
- Vladan Markov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-6124)
- G. Desprez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-1742)
- Roberto Abraham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-921X)
- Adam Muzzin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-9108)
- Chris J. Willott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-7367)
- Ghassan T. E. Sarrouh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8830-2166)
- Vicente Estrada-Carpenter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-2349)
- Visal Sok (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-9526)
- Yoshihisa Asada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-5438)
- Rosa M. Mérida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-5845)
- Kartheik G. Iyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-3523)
- Marcin Sawicki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7857)
- Nicholas S. Martis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-9969)
- Gabriel Brammer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-005X)
- Gregor Rihtaršič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4388-898X)
- Jeremy Favaro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6999-2073)
- Katherine Myers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2307-2350)
Institutions
- Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (CA)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
- Waseda University (JP)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- York University (CA)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (FR)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Saint Mary's University (CA)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2025-09-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adfb64
- Primary Topic
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research
- Canarie
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- Canadian Space Agency
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada