The Relationship Between the Seismic Regime and Low-Frequency Variations in Meteorological Parameters Measured at a Network of Stations in Japan

The relationship between the seismic regime and humidity, pressure, temperature, and wind speed measured at a network of stations on the Japanese islands was studied for the period from 1973 to 2025. For each of the parameters, weighted average time series were constructed using the principal component method and then subjected to wavelet decomposition. For wavelet decomposition levels, the amplitudes of the envelopes and the points of their local extrema were found and compared with the times at which earthquakes occurred. The problem of estimating an advanced measure of envelope extremum points relative to earthquake moments was considered using a model of interacting point processes. For a sequence of 213 strong earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 6.5, the same numbers for the largest local maxima and the smallest local minima were selected for the extrema of the envelope amplitude of each parameter. It turned out that the largest advance measures occurred for the seventh level of decomposition (the period from 16 to 32 days). Two advance mechanisms were identified: one mechanism is associated with the trigger effect of cyclones on seismicity, and the second is associated with the occurrence of atmospheric earthquake precursors.