Sustainable and eco-friendly packaging films based on poly vinyl alcohol incorporated with <i>Chrysanthemum frutescens</i> extract

This study used a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with <i>Chrysanthemum frutescens</i> extract to create eco-friendly Packaging Films. The methanol extract was analysed for the main phenolic compounds; flavonoids and coumarins. PVA with 5% <i>C. frutescens</i> extract demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against <i>B. cereus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>F. solani,</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> with inhibition zones of 15, 25, 30, and 20 mm, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of PVA films incorporated with <i>C. frutescens</i> extract as effective eco-friendly antimicrobial packaging materials.