B – 24 A Multidimensional Approach to Understanding and Treating Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract Objective This review aims to synthesize neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives to understand and treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), particularly among adolescents and women, and to guide personalized intervention strategies. Method Peer-reviewed research on MDD across lifespan and gender was analyzed, including neuroimaging studies and clinical trials. Articles were selected for their focus on brain structure/function, cognitive distortions, and treatment outcomes. Results Findings indicate that MDD involves dysfunction in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and HPA axis, contributing to emotional dysregulation and negative cognitive schemas. Adolescents show heightened vulnerability due to neurodevelopmental and social pressures. Gender differences suggest women are more prone to rumination and sociocultural stressors. Effective treatments include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based approaches, often enhanced by lifestyle changes. Conclusion MDD is a multifaceted disorder requiring integrated treatment approaches. Personalizing care through neuropsychological and psychosocial understanding can improve long-term outcomes. Future research should further explore age- and gender-specific mechanisms to refine interventions.