Qualitative determination of tetracycline residues in bovine meat at the level of the municipal slaughterhouse of Santa Rosa Canton, Oro province, Ecuador

The presence of antibiotic residues in bovine meat is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with limited regulation of veterinary drug usage. Tetracyclines, commonly used in cattle for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, can persist in edible tissues if withdrawal periods are not properly observed. This study aimed to qualitatively determine the presence of tetracycline residues in bovine meat from the municipal slaughterhouse of Santa Rosa Canton, El Oro Province, Ecuador. A total of 74 meat samples were collected from the neck muscle of slaughtered cattle. The samples were analyzed using the SmarKit Rapid Test, a qualitative immunoassay designed to detect oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline residues. Data regarding the age, sex, and origin of the animals were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v.9.4, applying descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test to evaluate associations between residue presence and animal variables. Of the 74 samples analyzed, 24 (32.4%) tested positive for tetracycline residues. A significant association was observed between the age of the animals and the presence of residues (P < 0.05), with younger cattle showing higher prevalence rates. No significant correlations were found between residue presence and the sex or origin of the animals. The results highlight gaps in adherence to withdrawal periods and the potential risks to public health from consuming contaminated meat. In conclusions, this study underscores the need for improved veterinary oversight and education for producers on the responsible use of antibiotics in cattle. Additionally, implementing routine screening methods like SmarKit in slaughterhouses can enhance food safety monitoring. Addressing these issues is critical for reducing public health risks and promoting sustainable livestock practices in Ecuador.