Adaptive Beam Pattern and Resource Allocation for Multi-Beam LEO Satellite Systems

Multi-beam low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication is recognized as a promising technology that delivers high data rates and wide area coverage. However, managing multiple beams and controlling transmit power pose significant challenges due to the impact of inter-beam interference on performance and the impact of power consumption on satellite battery life. Generally, LEO satellite systems focus on reducing the gap between capacity and demand for uneven traffic distributions of ground users. In contrast to conventional approaches, this paper presents a theoretical analysis of the optimal conditions for minimizing satellite transmit power while meeting user traffic demands in multi-beam LEO satellite systems. Based on this analysis, we propose algorithms for user-beam association, beam pattern selection, timeslot scheduling, and power allocation to minimize the total power while satisfying the traffic demand. Simulation results show that the proposed methods have superior performance over conventional schemes in terms of power consumption and capacity-demand gap.