ACCORD: Application Context-Aware Cross-Layer Optimization and Resource Design for 5G/Nextg Machine-Centric Applications

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and edge computing have accelerated the development of machine-centric applications (MCAs), such as smart surveillance systems. In these applications, video cameras and sensors offload inference tasks like license plate recognition and vehicle tracking to remote servers due to local computing and energy constraints. However, legacy network solutions, designed primarily for human-centric applications, struggle to reliably support these MCAs, which demand heterogeneous and fluctuating quality of service (QoS) (due to diverse application inference tasks), further challenged by dynamic wireless network conditions and limited spectrum resources. To tackle these challenges, we propose an Application Context-aware Cross-layer Optimization and Resource Design (ACCORD) framework. This innovative framework anticipates the evolving demands of MCAs in real time, quickly adapting to provide customized QoS and optimal performance, even for the most dynamic and unpredictable MCAs. This also leads to improved network resource management and spectrum utilization. ACCORD operates as a closed feedback-loop system between the application client and network and consists of two key components: (1) Building Application Context: It focuses on understanding the specific context of MCA requirements. Contextual factors include device capabilities, user behavior (e.g., mobility speed), and network channel conditions, and (2) Cross-layer Network Parameter Configuration: Utilizing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach, this component leverages the contextual information to optimize network configuration parameters across various layers, including physical (PHY), medium access control (MAC), and radio link control (RLC), as well as the application layer, to meet the desired QoS requirement in realtime. Extensive evaluation with the 3GPP-compliant MATLAB 5G toolbox demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of our proposed ACCORD framework.