Data-Oriented Perspective on Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Uplink Communication

Satellite networks have become central to advancing modern communication standards due to their potential for extensive global coverage. Despite this, high latency in satellite systems poses critical challenges for delay-sensitive applications, underscoring the need for reliable metrics that reflect ultra-reliable, low-latency communication. To address these challenges, data-oriented approaches, widely adopted in terrestrial networks, offer a fresh perspective by assessing transmission performance through delay outage rates. This work introduces the data-oriented approach to hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks (HSTNs), focusing on an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme where grant-based and grant-free users coexist. The proposed analytical framework reveals the relationship between the amount of information data, power consumption, and the satellite distance, providing valuable pathway for optimizing the performance of HSTNs in the context of delay-sensitive applications.