Cupid: Empowering Reliable Collaboration for Intermittent Computing Nodes

Battery-free nodes harvest ambient energy, accelerating large-scale IoT (Internet of Things) deployment. However, sporadic beginnings and ends of power failures impede collaboration, obstructing the execution of complex applications. The prior collaborative protocols have high energy demands and lack scalability. This paper introduces Cupid, a novel scheduling architecture that employs a coordinator device to circumvent the collaborative energy bottleneck, enhancing the scalability of battery-free node collaboration. Cupid employs an efficient crosslayer communication protocol to offload energy-intensive tasks to the coordinator. To reduce latency from non-local execution, we propose a predictive scheduling algorithm based on curve fitting. Additionally, we implement a circuit on the node side for ultra-low-power upload and download capabilities. We implement a prototype and conduct extensive evaluations. Compared to the state-of-the-art, it is the first to achieve intermittent coordination in medium-scale EH-WSNs, reducing latency by 94.56%.