A Hybrid Millimeter-Wave Channel Model and Characterization for Vactrain Train-Ground Communication

The train-to-ground communication system is of vital importance to the safe and reliable operation of the vacuum tube high-speed train (vactrain). To better design the communication system, a full understanding of the channel characterization is essential and the accurate channel model needs to be investigated. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model of ray-tracing (RT) method and the propagation graph (PG) method based on directive scattering model and diffraction model. The line-of-sight (LoS) component, reflection, scattering, and diffraction components are considered. Based on the hybrid model, the expression of the channel transfer function (CTF) is derived and the power delay profile (PDP) and delay spread are obtained and analyzed. The simulation results show the wireless channel characteristics in vactrain scenarios and provide useful insights for future vactrain communication systems.