Continuous Aperture Array (Capa) for Near-Field Sensing: A CraméR-Rao Bound Analysis

The application of continuous aperture array (CAPA) for mono-static sensing is studied in this paper. Specifically, the transmit CAPA emits a probing signal to a sensing target (ST) and then positions this ST using the reflected echo signal from the ST. To evaluate the sensing performance, the CramérRao Bound (CRB) is derived according to the proposed roundtrip channel model based on electromagnetic theory. Moreover, a maximum likelihood detection scheme is proposed to position the ST under the maximum likelihood criteria. Simulation results demonstrate the high accuracy of CAPA-enabled mono-static sensing.