Multilayer Burger Electromagnetic Propagation Model and Its Lens Application

This article proposes a multilayer Burger electromagnetic (EM) propagation model, which not only provides analytical solutions for the EM behaviors excited by the propagation of EM waves in complex media but also describes the control ability for far-field radiation waves in space. The Burger model has universality. The air–metamaterial–air model can be used to investigate the EM properties of metamaterials; the air–medium–air model conforms to the scenario of EM waves passing through lenses. By associating the Burger model with a multisection transmission line, the unity between field theory and circuit modeling is demonstrated. Based on the air–medium–air Burger model, this article designs composite media lenses to achieve beam focusing and steering. The focusing lens can focus an omnidirectional beam into a highly directional beam. The focusing gain is 16.3 dBi, with an increase of 14.7 dB. The 3-dB beamwidth is 6.8°, and the 3-dB realized gain relative bandwidth is >52%. Moreover, the steering lenses can not only focus beam but also deflect the beam by 15°, 30°, and 45°. The proposed composite media lenses have broadband, low insertion loss, and low-profile properties, demonstrating the Burger model’s ability to control radiation waves in free space and the enormous potential of composite media lenses.