Role of Naga Anjana Shalaka in Netra Roga: a Critical Ayurvedic Review

Background: Eye disorders (Netra Roga) have been elaborately described in Ayurveda under Shalakya Tantra. Among local therapeutic measures, Anjana Karma holds an important role. A specialized formulation, Naga Anjana Shalaka, involves the preparation of collyrium using Sishaka/Naga (lead) that is repeatedly processed in herbal decoctions and converted into a rod (shalaka) for application. Objective: This review compiles and critically analyzes the classical references of Naga Anjana Shalaka, outlining its methods of preparation, therapeutic indications, pharmacological properties, and exploring its relevance in the management of ocular diseases in the present era. Methods: References were collected from classical Ayurvedic compendia including Sharangadhara Samhitha, Cakradatta, Yogaratnakara, Yogatarangini, Rasa Sara Sangraha, and Bhaiṣajya Ratnavali. Data were organized under ingredients, preparation methods, indications, and therapeutic actions. Results: Classical texts consistently describe Naga Anjana Shalaka as being indicated in Timira (refractive errors), Kaca (cataract), Patala (corneal opacity), Arma (pterygium), Netrabhiṣyanda (conjunctivitis), Raktaja Netra Roga, Shuklagata Rogas (White part of eyes), Krishanagata Rogas (Black part of eyes), Sandhigata Rogas (Junction of the eyes), Vartmagata Rogas (lid disorders) Praklinna Vartma ( Eyelid Disorder), and even Vishaja Vikara (toxic conditions such as snake-bite). Its therapeutic actions are Lekhana (scraping), Ropaṇa (healing), Prasādana (clarifying), Vishahara (detoxifying), and Chakshushya (vision-promoting). Conclusion: Naga Anjana Shalaka is a unique therapeutic modality in Ayurvedic ophthalmology, especially useful in various eye diseases. While it is well-documented in the classics, further experimental validation, toxicological assessment, and clinical trials are essential for establishing its place in contemporary ophthalmic practice.