COMERCIO EXTERIOR Y COMPETITIVIDAD INTERNACIONAL: PARA LAS PYMES DE CALZADO DE LEÓN, GUANAJUATO MÉXICO EN EL MERCADO GLOBAL

Mexican small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the footwear sector face significant challenges in competing internationally, while opportunities exist in the global market. This study analyzes the challenges (e.g., lack of logistics knowledge, limited financing, import competition) and opportunities (trade agreements, local clusters, nearshoring) that impact the international competitiveness of Guanajuato-based SMEs in the footwear industry. A structural equation model is developed to evaluate how internal factors (innovation, quality, and internationalization capacity) influence the international competitiveness of these companies. Using a quantitative approach with a survey of a sample of SMEs, the results show that innovation and quality in production processes have significant positive effects on international performance, while foreign trade preparedness (logistical, financial, and digital capabilities) is key to taking advantage of global opportunities. Finally, implications for managers and policymakers are discussed, and future lines of work are suggested to strengthen the presence of Mexican footwear SMEs in international markets.