PÍO BAROJA’NIN “LOS PANADEROS” ADLI ÖYKÜSÜNDE “TOPLUMSAL DAYANIŞMA”

Pío Baroja (1872-1956) is one of the leading writers of the literary community called “Generation of 98”, formed by writers concerned about the economic and social problems of Spain following the loss of its last colonies and the defeat in the Spanish-American War in 1898. After completing his medical education, Baroja worked as a doctor for two years in the countryside. Not having found what he was looking for in the countryside or in practicing medicine, he moved to Madrid and worked in his aunt’s bakery for six years. As a writer who draws a lot from his own life, he reflected the observations he made there in his works. In this study, the story titled “Los Panaderos” from his first book called “Vidas sombrías” (1900) has been examined based on the concept of “social solidarity” by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim. In the analysis, the sections in which the bakery appears as a setting in the novel “La Busca” (1904) have also been used. The story is woven around the interaction among two rival bakery workers during the funeral of a master baker in Madrid, Spain. Durkheim divides social solidarity into two as mechanical solidarity observed in primitive or traditional societies and organic solidarity observed in modern societies. In traditional societies where everyone does everything, individuals are similar because they do similar jobs. In modern societies, however, due to the increasing population, division of labor and specialization also increase, leading to differentiation. In “Los Panaderos” the solidarity among the bakers in the face of death is discussed with regard to social division of labor. Social solidarity contributes to overcoming the feeling of deprivation caused by the loss of the individual and to the transition process of individuals to daily life, ensuring the recovery of social order.