Public perceptions and expert opinions about microplastic and nanoplastic contamination in water

Abstract Plastics, including microplastics and nanoplastics, pose significant environmental and health concerns. These particles are found in various environments, particularly water bodies, encouraging governments to implement plastic bans. Public risk perception and expert opinions are crucial in policymaking. However, previous qualitative research exploring public and stakeholder perspectives on this pollution is inadequate. This study aims to qualitatively explore public perceptions of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution by analyzing comments from seven Reddit posts and conducting semi-structured interviews with ten experts from different Canadian provinces and sectors. The risk perception model developed by van der Linden, a social and psychological framework, guided the analysis. A total of 781 Reddit comments were analyzed, and five themes reflecting public perceptions were identified. The results indicated a public awareness gap, efforts to avoid plastics, and distrust in governments, scientists, and the media. While the public shares concerns with experts, there are differences and gaps in public understanding of the pollution. Enhanced risk communication and education are essential for raising awareness and encouraging plastic avoidance, which can lead to more effective policymaking. Further research on plastic management is necessary to guide policymaking, as stakeholders have highlighted gaps in current policies. The findings will inform policymaking and health promotion programs aimed at better managing plastics and educating the public about plastic pollution.