Enhancing the Dissolution Performance of PVP-Based Boluses by Graphene Oxide Incorporation for Veterinary Applications

Drug delivery systems for the food-processing animals in the veterinary field is particularly limited to the disease prevention and growth promotion. Therefore, optimizing dissolution performance of a targeted formulation may be achieved using a performance enhancer together with a commercial binder. In this study, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was modified with graphene oxide (GO) to form a more stable binder matrix. The dissolution profiles of the formulations with and without the addition of GO into the bolus matrix were examined using two different methods: the continuous dissolution rig based on an artificial saliva and an in vitro dissolution test by the means of Daisy-II incubator. The kinetic models of First Order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsemeyer-Peppas were compared for a best fit of the experimental results obtained using the continuous dissolution rig and Daisy II. The results showed that PVP-containing tablets dissolved more rapidly, whereas PVP-GO combination provided a more controlled and prolonged release profile. Daisy II results in higher rate of dissolution for both formulations compared to the ones in the continuous dissolution rig.