CRT-based weighted variable threshold quantum secret sharing multi-path secure communication

Abstract Existing end-to-end communication schemes often rely on single-path or backup multi-path transmission. However, under quantum threats and dynamic network environments, such approaches are susceptible to path failures and attacks, resulting in insufficient system robustness and security. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel WVTRC-QSS method. Based on QSS, this method introduces a polynomial ring-based CRT to replace the traditional Lagrangian interpolation, thereby reducing the computational complexity of secret share generation and distribution while ensuring the ideal information rate. To further adapt this method, this paper designs the WCOPS algorithm, which transforms the participation model from multi-node to multi-path, where multi-path is only used for the transmission of secret shares, not their storage, significantly improving transmission security and efficiency. Furthermore, by introducing a nested closed interval mechanism, this scheme supports dynamic threshold adjustment without redistributing shares, thereby enhancing the system’s adaptability to network threats and path failures. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that WVTRC-QSS outperforms the traditional QSS scheme based on Lagrangian interpolation in terms of resistance to node failure, resistance to collusion attacks, QBER tolerance, and secret reconstruction efficiency.It provides strong technical support for secure and efficient transmission of sensitive data in next-generation networks and is suitable for complex and changing network environments.