Intelligent O+E Band Hybrid Optical Amplifier: Machine Learning Approach

An O+E-band hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is designed by integrating Praseodymium doped fiber amplifiers (PDFAs), Thulium doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs), and a Raman amplifier (RA). PDFAs and TDFAs are connected in a parallel configuration to amplify signals within the 1280 nm to 1470 nm range. However, in the 1360 nm to 1410 nm region, the PDFA-TDFA HOA shows a low gain (~16 dB) due to limited PDFA-TDFA bandwidth overlap. To address this, an RA is cascaded with the PDFA-TDFA module to achieve an average gain of 35 dB in this range. To optimize parameters and improve gain across the O+E band, the P2RAnet (Pump Parameter Optimization for Raman Amplifier using Neural Networks) machine learning technique is employed. The model predicts optimal pump parameters with a mean absolute error of ~0.5 dB and mean squared error of <0.4 dB<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>. Parameters are validated with OptiSystem<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> software, achieving 97.85% gain efficiency and 5.18 dB flatness, with gain of >29.43 dB and noise figure of <4.1 dB across 1290 nm to 1470 nm.