Association Between Cognitive Function and Geriatric Syndromes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to investigate the associations between cognitive function, geriatric syndromes (such as frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition), functional status, and common comorbidities in community-dwelling older adults. We hypothesized that cognitive impairment is closely related to multidimensional geriatric vulnerabilities beyond chronological aging alone. In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from 278 individuals aged 60 and above who attended Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between January 2024 and January 2025. Cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Additional assessments included the FRAIL scale, SARC-F, MNA-SF, handgrip strength, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF). Biochemical markers and demographic, functional, and social parameters were also evaluated. Statistical analysis included univariate comparisons and multivariable logistic regression to determine independent predictors of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was present in 17.3% of participants. In univariate analyses, cognitive impairment was significantly associated with older age, lower IADL scores, higher frailty and sarcopenia risk, malnutrition, depressive symptoms, and reduced handgrip strength. However, in multivariable analysis, only older age and lower IADL scores emerged as independent predictorsSocial disengagement and hearing problems were also more common in cognitively impaired individuals. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased age and lower IADL scores were independent predictors of cognitive impairment. This study highlights that cognitive decline in older adults is not an isolated phenomenon but is deeply intertwined with functional, nutritional, and psychosocial factors. Comprehensive geriatric assessment tools should be routinely used to identify individuals at risk. Interventions that preserve daily living abilities and promote nutrition and mental well-being may help delay cognitive deterioration.