N6-methyladenosine-modified ACSM3 mitigates lipid accumulation and suppresses tumor progression in ccRCC via GATA5/HMGCS2 axis and mTORC1 signaling

Metabolic reprogramming is a distinguishing feature of tumorigenesis, and lipid metabolism has been confirmed to be associated with the progression of various tumors. Members of the acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain (ACSM) family play a role in diverse malignant tumors. However, their function in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been clarified. In this study, seven ACSMs were analyzed using bioinformatics, and it was determined that ACSM3 is a key protein that regulates ccRCC progression. The function of ACSM3 in the progression and lipid metabolism of ccRCC was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism was explored through mutagenesis, RNA methylation immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter gene assays. This revealed that ACSM3 serves as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC. Upregulation of ACSM3 expression effectively inhibited progression and lipid accumulation in ccRCC. Methyltransferase-like protein 14 (METTL14) was identified as the methyltransferase of ACSM3 mRNA. Low levels of METTL14 led to demethylation of ACSM3 m6A, which suppressed its expression in ccRCC. Low levels of ACSM3 inhibited the expression of GATA5 by promoting ubiquitination. GATA5 binds to the promoter region of HMGCS2 and activates the transcription of HMGCS2 and the mTORC1 pathway, thereby promoting ccRCC progression and lipid accumulation. This study highlights the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ACSM3 and describes the METTL14/ACSM3/GATA5/ HMGCS2/mTORC1 axis in a comprehensive study of ccRCC. These results provide a solid basis for research on ccRCC to explore new diagnostic and treatment strategies.