A Single Center’s Experience in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Introduction: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) represent a polymorphous group of hematopoietic disorders that have been intensely studied from a clinical, molecular, and histopathological point of view. Recent updates to classification and diagnosis criteria have increased the rate of identification, particularly among patients who were previously underdiagnosed. Methods: We report the results of Colțea Clinical Hospital’s experience in diagnosing and treating newly diagnosed PV, ET, PMF, and MPN-U between January 2022 and September 2024, including 154 patients over the age of 18. Results: Out of the 154 cases analysed, 31.82% were diagnosed with PV (N = 49), 31.82% with essential thrombocythemia (ET; N = 49), and 30.52% with MF (N = 47). Additionally, 5.84% (N = 9) presented as unclassifiable (MPN U). Out of the enrolled patients, 87 (56.49%) had associated cardiovascular risk factors, 33 (21.43%) had a history of thrombosis at diagnosis, while 7 (4.55%) patients presented at least one hemorrhagic event, most notably gastrointestinal. Risk stratification for PV, ET, and PMF was calculated according to the ELN recommendations for PV, the IPSET score, and the IPSS/DIPSS, respectively. A significant group, 128 (83.12%), required therapeutic intervention. Conclusion: MPNs can cause significant morbidity in the form of burdensome symptoms, potentially fatal cardiovascular complications or progression to acute myeloid leukaemia. The higher rate of diagnosis and the emergence of novel therapies in recent years have prolonged life expectancy and improved the quality of life.