Analysis of Kinetic Energy (KE) and Angular Values by Phase of Kinematic Indicators of Direct Head Blows by Boxers of Various Categories

Background and Study Aim. Boxing is a dynamic sport where head punches play a key role in performance, with kinetic energy (KE) and angular dynamics significantly affecting punch effectiveness. This study explores these biomechanical parameters during head punches delivered by boxers from different experience levels: A – 1st category, B – Candidate for Master of Sports, and C – Master of Sports. Understanding how these factors vary with experience and skill can provide insight into how kinetic and angular properties contribute to punch efficacy and energy transfer in high-impact sports. Material and methods. A total of 50 elite boxers (aged 18–20 years) were selected for this study, categorized based on their experience levels into three groups: A – 1st Category, B – Candidate for Master of Sports, and C – Master of Sports. Results. Boxers in category C (Master of Sports) demonstrated significantly higher KE during the acceleration phase (p<0.001), while those in category A (1st category) exhibited greater angular velocity during the wind-up phase (p<0.001). Boxers in category B (Candidate for Master of Sports) showed a more balanced distribution of KE and angular displacement across all phases. A strong positive correlation (r=0.87) was found between peak KE and punch force for all categories. Conclusions. The study reveals that experience level significantly influences head punches' kinetic and angular properties. Master of Sports boxers produce more KE, albeit at slower angular velocities, while those in the 1st category focus on optimizing angular dynamics for faster punches.