Beaming Effect and Relativistic Jet Characteristic in Fermi-era-Blazars

Employing the beaming effect we present an effective method by means of the beaming effect to estimate four crucial parameters, including the central black hole mass $M_{\rm BH}$, the Doppler factor $\delta$, the location of $\gamma$-ray-emitting region $R_{\gamma}$, and the propagation angle with respect to the axis of the accretion disk $\phi$, for a large sample of $\gamma$-ray blazars. We put forward an updated demarcation between BL Lacs and FSRQs based on the relation between broad-line region luminosity and disk luminosity both measured in Eddington units, i.e., $L_{\rm disk}/L_{\rm Edd}=4.68\times10^{-3}$, indicating that there are some differences between BL Lacs and FSRQs on the accretion power in the disk. By adopting a two-component model of emission within jets, we successfully separated the emission of radio, X-ray, GeV and TeV into beamed and unbeamed contributions for the largest sample of Fermi blazars up to now. Our results suggest that the emission is mainly from the core/beamed component in $\gamma$-ray blazars. Based on the study of jet power and launching in blazars, our results suggest that BL Lac jets are powered by extracting black hole rotation energy, while FSRQ jets are mostly powered by accretion disks. Most of FSRQs can be explained by the Blandford-Payne mechanism, while most of BL Lacs can be explained by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism.