Judgement of Line Orientation error analysis distinguishes between severity of cognitive impairment in older adults

All three error types differentiated between cognitive severities and were almost exclusively observed in the major NCD group. RBANS-LO error analysis can thus provide additional data to support severity determinations, which supports the utility of applying it to this task. Only one error type was associated with visuospatial performance, suggesting that other cognitive abilities potentially impact RBANS-LO in a major NCD population. Additional work exploring the relationship of error types to biomarker-defined etiologies or other markers of neurodegeneration could provide information about the underlying mechanisms of these errors. Further research could also assess the utility of modifications to the RBANS-LO to reduce the occurrence of these errors.