Cocoon-mimetic feature-matched interface for flexible system

Abstract Flexible hybrid systems usually combine soft modules (mechanically matched with skin or clothes) and hard modulus (like rigid circuits). However, the risk of interface failure due to modulus mismatch between flexible components and rigid circuits limits the system’s complexity and durability. The diverse features of flexible components further complicate the development of a universal interface. In this work, we demonstrated a cocoon-mimetic feature-matched interface (CFI) that offers stable electrical contact with flexible surface. It also matches flexible systems features in stretchability (lower than 0.22 Ω cm −1 during 900% elongation), durability (stable resistance after 20000 times 100% elongation), breathability (gas permeability 614 mm S − 1 ) and self-adhesive (0.18 ± 0.01 N mm −1 ). We developed a direct spray-on-skin sensor and used CFI to form a hand task recognition system. This system, deployable in seconds, has 97.7% accuracy in recognition of eight hand tasks. This research offers a promising solution for flexible hybrid systems interfacing challenges.