All-flavor Time-dependent Search for Transient Neutrino Sources

Transient sources are among the preferred candidates for the sources of high-energy neutrino emission. Intriguing examples so far include blazar flares and tidal disruption events coincident with IceCube neutrinos. Here, we report the first all-flavor, all-sky time-dependent search for neutrino sources by combining IceCube throughgoing tracks, starting tracks and cascades. Throughgoing tracks provide the best sensitivity in the Northern Sky, while cascades have worse angular resolution but yield better sensitivity in the Southern Sky than tracks. The relatively new starting tracks sample has reduced contamination from atmospheric muons. This analysis takes advantage of the strengths of each of the datasets, combining them for increased statistics and obtaining the best accessible all-sky sensitivity for transient searches. In this search, we look for unbound $E^{-\gamma}$ power-law sources, as well as $E^{-2}$ sources with low and high-energy exponential cutoffs, optimizing the sensitivity for the duration of the flares.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1007
Primary Topic
Neutrino Physics Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

All-flavor Time-dependent Search for Transient Neutrino Sources

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All-flavor Time-dependent Search for Transient Neutrino Sources

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article en

Abstract

Transient sources are among the preferred candidates for the sources of high-energy neutrino emission. Intriguing examples so far include blazar flares and tidal disruption events coincident with IceCube neutrinos. Here, we report the first all-flavor, all-sky time-dependent search for neutrino sources by combining IceCube throughgoing tracks, starting tracks and cascades. Throughgoing tracks provide the best sensitivity in the Northern Sky, while cascades have worse angular resolution but yield better sensitivity in the Southern Sky than tracks. The relatively new starting tracks sample has reduced contamination from atmospheric muons. This analysis takes advantage of the strengths of each of the datasets, combining them for increased statistics and obtaining the best accessible all-sky sensitivity for transient searches. In this search, we look for unbound $E^{-\gamma}$ power-law sources, as well as $E^{-2}$ sources with low and high-energy exponential cutoffs, optimizing the sensitivity for the duration of the flares.

National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nvidia, Michigan State University, Villum Fonden, Polarforskningssekretariatet, Marquette University, Western Canada Research Grid, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, National Research Foundation of Korea, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Vetenskapsrådet, RWTH Aachen University, Chiba University, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics, Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Marsden Fund, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Office of Polar Programs, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
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