Spatiotemporal Patterns and Improvement Strategies for Urban Resilience in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration

In the context of global climate change and a new wave of urbanization, the spatiotemporal evolution of urban resilience has special importance in urban agglomerations. While the literature has covered the static quantitative assessment of urban resilience, long-term dynamic quantitative studies are lacking, and little attention has been paid to the mesolevel characteristics of urban agglomerations. This study assessed statistical data from 2002 to 2021 in an index with weighted entropy and geographic information spatial analysis to quantitatively measure the urban resilience of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration. The results indicate that the level of resilience across cities within the agglomeration is unbalanced and insufficient, and the number of cities with moderate resilience or above is low. In terms of temporal evolution, the measures of individual dimensions and resilience overall are on the rise. Spatially, the agglomeration exhibits a core-edge phenomenon. Beijing–Tianjin–Shijiazhuang form a triangular core area, which has a continuous influence on the surrounding cities. This study provides an important measurable basis for the sustainable development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration and a corresponding reference for similar regions worldwide.