Exploring seasonal dynamics and biochemical composition of the red alga <i>Chondracanthus acicularis</i> on the Moroccan Atlantic coast: a comprehensive study

Abstract The red alga Chondracanthus acicularis , a carrageenophyte species, represents a valuable but underexplored marine resource with significant biochemical potential. This study examined the seasonal variability of its primary and secondary metabolites at two Moroccan coastal sites: El Jadida and Sidi Rahal. Key metabolites, including pigments, polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and flavonoids, were analyzed. Polysaccharides were the dominant macronutrient, showing pronounced seasonal fluctuations, particularly at El Jadida. Protein content was consistently higher at El Jadida than at Sidi Rahal, with limited seasonal variation; however, lipid content remained low throughout the study. Pigments exhibited significant seasonal changes, with chlorophyll a peaking in winter, and allophycocyanin reaching maximum concentrations in summer at El Jadida and in winter at Sidi Rahal. Ethanol extractions were more efficient than aqueous methods for recovering polyphenol and flavonoid. Overall, these findings highlight the biochemical diversity of C. acicularis and its potential industrial value, supporting its development as a promising resource for biotechnological applications.