Investigating the therapeutic potential of Tabernaemontana alternifolia bark for managing lung squamous cell carcinoma

The high global incidence and mortality rates of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC) are extremely concerning. Current therapeutic strategies face significant challenges, including drug toxicity and the growing resistance to Food and Drug Administration approved medications, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment options. Notably, natural alkaloids extracted from the plant Tabernaemontana alternifolia have exhibited promising anticancer effects across various cancer types. In this work, we focused on the molecular targets of LUSC for phytochemicals from T. alternifolia bark (TAB) and evaluated their potential as a therapeutic line for its treatment. A network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify the molecular targets and pathways relevant to LUSC therapy. Additionally, validation of these findings through docking studies have been done. Results revealed that in-silico docking tests using AutoDock Vina, the plant's compounds 9-methoxycamptothecin, camptothecin and heyneanine demonstrated the ability to inhibit LUSC cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. These compounds suppressed genes involved in crucial cellular processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA repair and cell cycle control, which contribute to cancer management. Additionally, they also have the potential to inhibit the expression of key oncogenic factors, including MET, KDR and MMPs. This work provides significant insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of these compounds in LUSC. It suggests that they could be a promising novel therapeutic approach for combating LUSC soon. However, the safety and efficacy of TAB phytochemicals for LUSC treatment must be thoroughly validated through adequate preclinical and clinical trials.