Exploring the Influence of IQ on Problem -Solving and Critical Thinking: Strategies for Enhancement

This study explored the influence of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) on problem-solving and critical thinking abilities, as well as strategies for enhancing these cognitive skills. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 400 students and professionals in Ghana. IQ was measured using Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, while problem-solving and critical thinking were assessed through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between variables. Results indicated significant positive correlations between IQ and problem-solving (r = 0.51, p < .001) and between IQ and critical thinking (r = 0.48, p < .001). Hierarchical regression revealed that IQ significantly predicted problem-solving and critical thinking performance, accounting for 26% and 23% of the variance, respectively. The findings highlight that while IQ provides a cognitive foundation, educational strategies and metacognitive interventions are essential for optimizing reasoning and decision-making abilities. Implications for curriculum design, professional training, and cognitive skills development in Ghana are discussed.