Recent Trends of Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Abstract: Since 2000, significant changes have occurred in the cancer therapy landscape, and patient outcomes have also improved. Monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, such as peptides and nanobodies, are examples of kinase-targeted strategies. Other novel approaches, such as the use of protein kinase interaction inhibitors and kinase degraders, have recently shown promise in treating resistance and have demonstrated encouraging results in clinical trials. Significant challenges confront kinase-targeted therapies, including drug resistance that severely reduces the clinical advantages for cancer patients and toxicity when paired with immunotherapy, which limits the full use of existing treatment modalities. The anti-angiogenic effect results in thrombotic microangiopathy-like lesions confined to the glomerulus through endothelial injury. Additionally, the glomerular tuft has segmental hyalinosis. By inhibiting VEGF receptors and the subsequent signaling, small compounds like Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), such as pazopanib, can harm the endothelium and cause podocytopathy. A small modification of TKI-induced renal issues is linked to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome. A new kind of immunotherapy used against cancer is immune checkpoint inhibitors, which include PD-1, CTLA-4, and PD-L1. This review involves the study of recent advancements in potential novel targets and therapeutically relevant kinase inhibition techniques. This study focuses on the present issues and future prospects of kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy.