Novel prostaglandin and isoprostane panel for evaluating Wilson’s Disease

Abstract Objectives Wilson’s disease (WD) leads to copper accumulation in the liver and brain. It generates oxidative stress, which can damage the liver and central nervous system (CNS). The concentrations of oxidized lipid products, such as prostaglandins and isoprostanes, in blood and urine can indicate both the presence and the extent of damage. However, there is limited research specifically investigating these oxidative stress biomarkers in WD, making this study a novel contribution to the field. Methods In this study, serum and 24-h urine samples were collected from a total of 64 individuals, including 22 WD patients with hepatic involvement (HI-WD), 17 with neurological-hepatic involvement (NHI-WD), and 25 healthy controls (HC). A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify specific prostaglandins and isoprostanes in serum and urine samples. Results The results showed significant differences in the levels of iPF 2α -III, 2,3-dinor-iPF 2α -III, 5-iPF 2α -VI in serum as well as PGE 2 , PGD 2 , PGF 2α , iPF 2α -III and 5-iPF 2α -VI in 24-h urine samples between WD and HC groups. Notably, the concentration of PGD 2 in urine was significantly higher in the NHI-WD group compared to both the HC and HI-WD groups. Our novel urine biomarker panel has the potential to be used for grading disease severity, monitoring therapy and assessing CNS involvement in WD. Conclusions It represents one of the first to explore a panel of oxidative stress biomarkers, particularly prostaglandins and isoprostanes, in both serum and urine samples in WD patients, making it an original contribution to the current literature on WD.