A Review: Field Crop Physiology

Photosynthesis and Carbon Assimilation: This remains the cornerstone of crop productivity.Research continues to focus on enhancing photosynthetic efficiency at the leaf and canopy levels (Dongliang, 2024), understanding the impacts of environmental factors (light, CO2, temperature), and exploring genetic modifications to improve carbon fixation (Araus et al., 2021). These two interconnected processes are fundamental to life on Earth, forming the basis of most food webs and playing a crucial role in regulating the planet's atmosphere figure 1(Stasik et al., 2016).