Role of Soil Arthropods under Tree Cover in Enhancing Soil Fertility and Sustainability: A Study from Sikar, Rajasthan, India

Soil arthropods are groups of backbone less animals that spend part or all of their life cycle (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) under the soil. These animals include isopods, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, centipedes, millipedes, springtails, ants, beetles, and their relatives. Especially in arid and semi-arid areas, soil arthropods play an important role in maintaining soil fertility and fostering ecosystem sustainability. The variety and functional role of soil arthropods under tree cover, and their impact on soil health metrics, are examined in this study. Using common collecting techniques, including the quadrat, Berlese funnel, and pitfall traps, was carried out in open fields and under native tree species. When compared to open fields, the results showed a significantly higher diversity and abundance of arthropods under tree cover, which was positively correlated with better soil structure and nutrient availability (NPK). By stabilizing microhabitats, retaining moisture, and adding organic litter, trees help to create an environment that is conducive to soil arthropod activity. These organisms enhance nitrogen cycling, decomposition, and overall soil production. In order to maintain soil fertility and biodiversity, this study emphasizes the ecological significance of maintaining tree cover in agricultural environments.