Effects of Ethanol Extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera Fruit on Liver Antioxidant Profile in Albino Rats Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride

The current study examined how Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit ethanol extract affected liver antioxidant biochemical indicators of liver injury. Each rat was weighed after a seven-day acclimatization period and then split into six (6) groups of five animals each at random. As a standard control, Group 1 received nothing but water and animal feed. Group 2 received no therapy and was only exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCl4 was used to intoxicate groups 3, 4, and 5 after they received 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of T. tetraptera extract. The positive control, Group 6 received 100 mg/kg body weight of silymarin and was rendered inebriated by CCl4. From day 1 to day 12, the animals were given an ethanol extract of T. tetraptera fruit. On days 13 and 14 prior to sacrifice, they received an intraperitoneal injection of a double dosage of carbon tetrachloride. The animals were starved for the whole night on Day 14, and sterile syringes were used to take blood samples through occular punctures. CCl4 was administered to the animals at a concentration of 1.0 ml/kg b.wt. to cause liver damage. Tissues from the liver were collected for histological analysis. Standard procedures were used to determine total bilirubin and protein, lipid peroxidation, liver enzyme markers, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, and histological evaluation. Serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the CCl4 (group 2) rats than in the control group. Serum ALT, AST, and ALP activity were significantly (p<0.05) lower in animals treated with different dosages of T. tetraptera fruit ethanol extract than in group 2 animals (CCl4 intoxicated rats). The concentration of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the CCl4-untreated group than in the normal group. Rats given 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg ethanol extract of T. tetraptera fruit were better able to modify the reduced glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activities than in CCl4-intoxicated rats. The CCl4-untreated group's total bilirubin (TB) concentrations were substantially (p<0.05) higher than those of the normal group. Serum TB levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rats given oral T. tetraptera fruit extract at different doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg). Serum total proteins were reduced after CCl4 was administered. Animals treated with T. tetraptera fruit extract had a significant (p<0.05) increase in blood total protein. The CCl4 intoxicated group's serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was substantially (p<0.05) higher than that of the normal and treated groups. Rats treated with varying doses of T. tetraptera fruit extract showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the level of serum MDA. Histological analysis demonstrated the plant extract's hepatoprotective properties. The results also indicate that T. tetraptera fruit extract was a great protective agent against oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and liver cell integrity preservation at 100 mg/kg. As a result, fruit extract from T. tetraptera may be created as a possible liver protective agent.