A endometrial malignant tumor with yolk sac tumor component: a case report and literature review

Primary endometrial YST is an exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor. Early symptoms frequently include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, often accompanied by elevated serum AFP levels. Immunohistochemical markers such as AFP, GPC-3, SALL-4, and Villin are valuable for differentiating it from other entities. Advanced FIGO stage and age over 50 years were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of recurrence or death in our case and the available literature. Compared to pure endometrial YST, mixed endometrial YST occurs at an older age and appears to carry a worse prognosis. The currently most treatment for YST is radical surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, typically the BEP regimen. The role of radiotherapy in improving outcomes requires further investigation.