Applications of New Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Ocular Oncology

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized cancer genomics, offering unparalleled insights into the molecular landscape of various malignancies, including ocular cancers. This review explores the role of NGS in ocular oncology, highlighting its impact on understanding genetic alterations, identifying biomarkers, and advancing personalized treatment approaches. Key applications in uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and other ocular tumors, including ocular adnexa lymphoma and IgG4-related ophthalmic disease are discussed, along with the challenges and future directions in the field. As sequencing technologies continue to evolve, integrating NGS into clinical practice promises to enhance early diagnosis, risk assessment, and therapeutic strategies in ocular oncology.