Evaluating the Impact of a Physical Activity-Based Behavior Modification Program on Health-Related Fitness in Obese School Boys

Obesity and overweight have become critical global public health concerns, contributing to the rising incidence of lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, hormonal imbalance, and hypertension. Early intervention through sustainable lifestyle practices is therefore essential. In developing countries, the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing due to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles, highlighting the need for innovative management strategies. This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a physical activity–oriented behavior modification program on health-related fitness (HRF) components in obese children. A total of 40 participants (aged 10–13 years) were selected from 432 screened children from West Bengal, India, according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (EG, n = 20) and a Control Group (CG, n = 20). The EG completed a 12-week intervention comprising (a) Physical Activity Sessions (PAS) four days per week (40–65 minutes/day) and (b) Nutrition Education Sessions (NES) once per week (30 minutes). The CG received no intervention. The selected dependent variables, HRF components—cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, body composition, muscular strength, and muscular endurance—were assessed pre- and post-intervention using standardized tools. Data normality was verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and ANCOVA was employed to analyze baseline and post-intervention outcomes, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The EG showed significant improvements across all HRF variables compared with the CG (p < 0.00001). These findings demonstrate that school-based behavior modification programs are highly effective in enhancing HRF components in obese school boys, promoting improved physical fitness and encouraging long-term adherence to active lifestyles.