Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of radiology practitioners in Saudi Arabia toward the use of gonad shields during fluoroscopy-guided interventional radiography

Practice length, but not workload, is inversely related to IR staff's attitude toward gonad shield use. Continuous radiation protection training is crucial for improving IR staff commitment to safety standards. No impact of gender on gonad shield usage was observed. Targeted refresher training, reinforcement of local guidance, and ensuring shield availability/workflow integration may strengthen occupational radiation-safety adherence in IR units.