Integrating disaster risk reduction into cultural heritage management: case studies from the Islamic world

Purpose This article investigates the integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) into the management of cultural heritage in the Islamic world. While global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework highlight the importance of safeguarding heritage, operational challenges remain, particularly in conflict-affected or resource-limited settings. Design/methodology/approach The study combines a critical reading of ICESCO’s 2023 guide with an in-depth analysis of five case studies across the Islamic world: Mosul (Iraq), Shibam and Sana'a (Yemen), Aleppo (Syria), and the Minaret of Jam (Afghanistan). These cases are evaluated through a multi-scalar approach linking policy frameworks, institutional responses, and community-based initiatives. Findings The research identifies persistent gaps between global DRR principles and their local implementation. While international organizations play a crucial role in post-crisis recovery, long-term resilience often depends on local capacities, traditional knowledge, and preventive risk mapping. Successful cases demonstrate the value of community engagement and integrated planning. Research limitations/implications The study is primarily based on secondary sources and expert documentation; fieldwork and participatory data would strengthen the analysis. Practical implications The findings offer actionable guidance for heritage professionals, DRR planners, and international bodies aiming to protect heritage in high-risk environments. Originality/value This article provides one of the few comparative assessments of DRR practices in heritage sites within the Islamic world, combining conceptual frameworks with context-specific lessons and policy-oriented insights.