Internalization of Multilevel Violence Among Black People Living in Areas of Concentrated Disadvantage in Baltimore, MD, USA

The study supported a multilevel violence risk process. Structural violence among Black people living in areas of concentrated disadvantage becomes internalized through perceived neighborhood disorder that contributes to exposure to interpersonal violence and subsequent active and passive self-directed violent ideations. These results highlight how community-based approaches to multilevel violence risk as a gendered process can inform public health theory and practice.