The environmental health effect of soft stone mining dust on the respiratory system and quality of life of residents around Shaq Al Thoaban district

Abstract Introduction Air pollution denotes the existence of certain compounds in the air at concentrations or durations beyond their normal values, potentially resulting in detrimental consequences. Particulate matter (PM) is a common proxy indicator for air pollution; PM2.5 is 2.5 µm or smaller in size and has been associated with worse quality of life, especially respiratory quality of life. This study aimed to assess the respiratory function and the quality of life of residents around the Shaq Al Thoaban district who are exposed to environmental soft stone mining pollution. Patients and methods An assessment of residents’ quality of life was conducted using the Arabic version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and their respiratory wellbeing using history taking, clinical assessment, and pulmonary functions test (spirometry). Results The study included 113 participants (69.9% females; mean age 36.1 ± 16.14 years). More than half (59.3%) lived within 500 m of the quarry, and 77.8% had resided there for over 5 years. Restrictive Lung patterns were found in 77.9%, while 1.8% had obstructive patterns. Proximity to quarry sites was a significant predictor of restrictive impairment ( p < 0.05). Multiple regression model of the predictors of quality of life showed that the degree of restrictive respiratory disease significantly affected the quality of life of the study population. Conclusion Environmental exposure to soft stone mining pollution is associated with decreased respiratory functions and low quality of life of residents around these sites. In addition, the periodic assessment of respiratory health of Helwan residents helps in early detection of pulmonary complications of air pollution.