Possibilities of Land Management Planning and Development to Achieve the Principles of Sustainable Development: The Relationship Between Legal Regulation and Institutional Support Models in the Context of Digitalization Development

Modern challenges of sustainable development require improving the mechanisms of legal and institutional regulation of land resources in the context of digital transformation.This is necessary to improve land management efficiency while ensuring a balance of land use's environmental, economic, and social aspects.We selected several countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) as the object of research to determine optimal models for regulating land resources.The methodology includes a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory framework of the selected countries, expert interviews (n=42), and focus groups with experts in land law and digitalization of public administration.The authors have found that in the countries studied, the effectiveness of digital transformation of land management is determined not only by technological solutions but also by the degree of harmonization of national legislation with international standards of sustainable development and the availability of institutional mechanisms for interdepartmental integration and legal protection of land data.There are two main trends: the formation of comprehensive legal regulation (Russia, Kazakhstan) and fragmentary legislation updating (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan).Ultimately, based on the results obtained on the relationship between legal regulation, institutional mechanisms, and digitalization of land management, the authors have proposed recommendations for planning and developing land management to achieve the principles of sustainable development for each country.