Challenges of Effective Wildlife Law Enforcement in Oyo and Lagos States, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Law enforcement is essential for effective wildlife conservation. In Nigeria, enforcing wildlife laws faces significant challenges, primarily due to limited knowledge among officials. This study assessed these challenges in Oyo and Lagos States, focusing on the Nigerian Police Force (NPF), Nigerian Customs Service (NCS), National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), and Immigration Service (NIS). Data from structured surveys and interviews were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and thematic methods. Findings revealed limited awareness of wildlife laws, with NESREA and NCS showing the highest knowledge levels. Compared to Oyo State, agencies in Lagos reported more experience with wildlife crime cases, and a significant positive relationship existed between officials' knowledge and experience handling such cases. These findings highlight the need for government action to address enforcement challenges and provide targeted training, ensuring agencies are equipped to enforce wildlife laws as legislation is strengthened.