Perception, intention and barriers to breast self-examination practice among reproductive age women attending maternal and child health services at Dilla public health facilities; Dilla, Ethiopia 2024:- a qualitative study

The primary goal of breast self-examination (BSE) is to detect breast cancer at an early stage, which is crucial in reducing its morbidity. However, in low-income countries, many women do not perform BSE due to factors such as lack of knowledge and misconceptions about the practice. This study aimed to explore the perceptions, intentions, and barriers to BSE among women of reproductive age at Dilla public health facilities. A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted from February 26 to March 22, 2024, involving women attending maternal and child health services at Dilla public health facilities. Participants were purposively selected, and data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews until saturation was reached, with 24 participants interviewed. Each interview lasted 20–30 min. Atlas ti 9 software was used for data analysis. Three main themes emerged: perception, intention, and barriers to BSE. Many women had no intention to practice BSE, believing it was unnecessary. Women who recognized the benefits of BSE for early breast cancer detection were more likely to practice it. Barriers included lack of knowledge about BSE and breast cancer, as well as religious and traditional beliefs that hindered practice. Women who underestimated the importance of BSE were less likely to intend to practice SBE. Personal beliefs, lack of knowledge, and religious and cultural factors mentioned as barriers to Breast self-examination practice among reproductive age women