Building Anatomy: Rethinking Internal and External Dynamics in Architecture

Conventional frameworks often reduce architectural production to a linear sequence of deterministic technical and managerial stages. This study challenges that paradigm, arguing that such a view overlooks the adaptive, multi-layered, and context-responsive nature of contemporary built environment creation. Grounded in systems theory, biomimicry, and human physiology, a novel “Building Anatomy” model is proposed that treats architectural practice as a living organism. This conceptual framework is first established, and its validity is then tested through a mixed-methods empirical study conducted with 126 Turkish architects, analyzing the continuous feedback loops between internal (e.g., designer identity, team dynamics) and external (e.g., regulations, socio-cultural currents) factors. It was confirmed that the dynamic interaction between these internal and external factors is central to architectural processes. “Systemic dysfunctions” were identified and diagnosed that arise from breakdowns in these metabolic feedback loops, providing empirical evidence for the model’s explanatory power. By offering a systemic lens, this study shifts the focus from a product-centric to a process-oriented view of design. The Building Anatomy model demonstrates its potential for diagnosing “metabolic failures” and redefining the architect’s agency, ultimately advocating for more adaptive, responsive, and resilient architectural outcomes.