Advances and applications of organoid-on-a-chip in disease modeling

Recent studies have emphasized the ability of organoids, a class of self-organizing mini-organs derived from various cell sources and tissue biopsies, to faithfully replicate the main anatomical features and physiological traits of internal organs. Because of the numerous avenues this technology has opened for biomedical research, there is a growing need for creative engineering approaches to create, manufacture, manipulate, and study organoids and their microenvironments. This review covers the most recent developments in disease modeling for both the organoid-on-a-chip and the more recent, more sophisticated multiorgan-on-a-chip platforms. These technologies have the potential to significantly influence a few growing biomedical domains, including disease modeling, drug discovery, toxicity and drug screening, and personalized precision medicine. We also discuss the upcoming prospects and difficulties for the advancement and use of organoid-on-a-chip technology.