Water Transports Art and Symbolism in the Malay World: Types of Bangau Decorations on Traditional Boats from the East Coast of Malaysia

Boat ornaments are an important art form for the Malay community, particularly among coastal fishermen in the East Coast states of Terengganu and Kelantan, Malaysia.The most prevalent motif used to decorate the body of the boat is the bangau or stork.The bangau serves not only as an artistic and decorative element but is also believed to imbue strength and spirit to the fishermen who sail the seas.This study explores the collection of bangau motifs found on traditional boats in the East Coast states and examines the symbolism behind these motifs within the broader context of the Malay maritime world.Employing a qualitative method, data were gathered through interviews with local craftsmen and experts.Secondary sources, including journals, books, and archival materials, were also consulted, with resources drawn from the National Archives of Malaysia, Terengganu Branch, the Terengganu State Museum Library, the University of Malaya Library, and other institutions.The findings reveal five common motifs used by Malay fishermen in the East Coast region: wayang kulit (shadow puppets), serita panji (Panji tales), makara (plant-inspired motifs), sulur daun (leaf tendrils), and birds.These motifs carry deep symbolism, reflecting elements of art, culture, and the aesthetics of the Malay community.Typically positioned at the front of the boat, either on the prow or along the sides near the bow, the bangau serves a practical function by holding the sail or oar when not in use.Symbolically, it is regarded as a protective figure that ensures the boat's safety and brings good fortune to fishermen.This study highlights the unique artistic and cultural significance of these motifs and their deep connections to the values and beliefs of fishing communities in Terengganu, Kelantan, and potentially other parts of the Malay world.