Fodder quality analysis of <i>Hippophae salicifolia</i> D. Don (Seabuckthorn) in the Western Himalayas of India

Abstract This study examines fodder quality traits of Hippophae salicifolia D. Don (Seabuckthorn) populations across the Western Himalayas of India, emphasizing their significance in domestication and sustainable utilization of indigenous fodder tree. In Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand regions, foliage of H. salicifolia serves as essential winter forage for livestock and is incorporated into local tea formulations. Fifty female genotypes were selected for evaluation from ten distinct geographical locations. Analysis of variance highlighted significant variability among the populations, with Badya population demonstrating the highest leaf fresh weight. In contrast, the Kardang population exhibited optimal values of leaf dry weight and total ash content. Sansha population was characterized by the highest leaf dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen levels, whereas the Jankichatti population showed the highest crude fibre content, and Sissu had the highest nitrogen-free extract value. Significant positive correlations were identified between leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight (0.613), and between dry matter content and crude protein (0.458), indicating the potential to enhance these traits in breeding programs aimed at improving fodder quality. Accessions were grouped into two primary clusters, and leaf dry matter was the dominant factor influencing fodder quality variability, explaining 85.272% of the total variance. These findings will inform targeted breeding strategies and agricultural practices intended to augment the nutritional profile of this vital fodder resource. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of H. salicifolia as both a livestock forage and a viable component of agroforestry systems, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices in the Western Himalayas.